Deutsche Exporte sinken 2024 erneut

07.02.2025 10:15

Vorab die kleinere Nachfrage aus China lässt die deutschen Exporte nochmals zurückgehen. Die Importe sinken allerdings deutlich stärker.

«Made in Germany» war im vergangenen Jahr etwas weniger gefragt, allerdings zeigte der Trend zuletzt überraschend nach oben. (Bild nitpicker/Shutterstock)

Die Wahrenausfuhren schrumpften um 1,0 Prozent im Vergleich zu 2023 auf rund 1560 Milliarden Euro, wie das Statistische Bundesamt mitteilte. Schon im Vorjahr hatte es bereits ein Minus von 1,2 Prozent bei den Ausfuhren gegeben.

Die Importe fielen sogar um 2,8 Prozent auf 1318,5 Milliarden Euro und damit ebenfalls zum zweiten Mal hintereinander, was Experten unter anderem mit der schwachen Binnenkonjunktur erklären. In der Handelsbilanz ergibt sich daraus ein Überschuss von 241,2 Milliarden Euro.

Zuletzt zeigte der Trend überraschend nach oben: Im Dezember wuchsen die Exporte um 2,9 Prozent im Vergleich zum Vormonat. Von der Nachrichtenagentur Reuters befragte Ökonomen hatten mit einem Minus von 0,6 Prozent gerechnet. Die Importe nahmen um 2,1 Prozent zu.

Die Nachfrage in der EU steigt

Stark gestiegen ist im Dezember die Nachfrage nach Waren «Made in Germany» in den Ländern der Europäischen Union. Hier gab es ein Plus von 5,9 Prozent auf 72,4 Milliarden Euro. Die meisten deutschen Exporte gingen erneut in die USA, obwohl sie im Vergleich zum November um 3,5 Prozent auf 13,5 Milliarden fielen. Die Exporte in die Volksrepublik China wuchsen um 1,4 Prozent auf 6,7 Milliarden Euro, die in das Vereinigte Königreich sanken um 6,6 Prozent auf 6,7 Milliarden Euro.

Die deutschen Exporteure finden auch zu Beginn des neuen Jahres keinen Anschluss an die weltwirtschaftliche Erholung. Das Barometer für die Exporterwartungen der Industrie fiel im Januar auf den tiefsten Stand seit einem Jahr, wie das Münchner Ifo-Institut bei seiner Unternehmensumfrage herausfand.

Demnach rechnen die Industriebetriebe mit sinkenden Ausfuhren. Ein Belastungsfaktor war der Machtwechsel im Weissen Haus: «Die potenziellen Zolldrohungen der neuen Trump-Regierung drücken die Stimmung», ergänzte Ifo-Experte Klaus Wohlrabe. Donald Trump hatte im Wahlkampf hohe Zölle auch auf Importe aus der Europäischen Union signalisiert.

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